Saudi Arabia is undergoing a significant transformation, moving beyond its traditional image as a nation defined solely by oil and its role in Islam. The country’s military strength is on the rise, evidenced by its 24th-place ranking among 145 global military powers in the Global Firepower 2025 report. Furthermore, the recent defense agreement with Pakistan, a key development, underscores the kingdom’s growing strategic influence.
The recent defense pact between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan has caused a stir, particularly due to the inclusion of a mutual defense clause. This agreement stipulates that an attack on either nation would be considered an attack on both. The agreement’s allowance for the potential use of Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal has further intensified its significance. This pact, established by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, is expected to alter the security landscape of the Gulf and South Asia.
For a long time, Saudi Arabia depended on the United States for its security. But that is changing. The nation now has its own strong military and is acquiring advanced weaponry. It has expanded its defense cooperation with China as well as acquiring fighter jets and tanks from the US and Europe. This has made Saudi Arabia an essential partner for both the US and China in the politics of Western Asia.
Saudi Arabia’s armed forces are robust, comprising around 257,000 active soldiers and 150,000 paramilitary personnel. Its military branches are well-equipped across the army, air force, and navy, ensuring it is capable of countering any external threats. Interestingly, despite the size of its active force, Saudi Arabia has no reserve force.
The Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF) is a powerful entity, boasting over a thousand aircraft. Its fleet includes advanced F-15E Strike Eagles, Tornado IDS from Britain, and Eurofighter Typhoons. The RSAF also has a vast helicopter fleet, numbering over 185, along with training and transport aircraft. This air force makes Saudi Arabia a dominant force in the Middle East, capable of projecting significant air power.
On land, Saudi Arabia’s army also has a strong presence. The army is considered the most robust in the Gulf region, equipped with over 22,860 pieces of military hardware. The arsenal includes US-made Abrams tanks, Pattons, and Paladins. The country has recently ordered 177 modern M109A6 tanks from the US, while its National Guard currently has 156 Caesar SPH trucks. The infantry fighting vehicles, utility vehicles, and cutting-edge air defense systems further enhance the ground-based strength.
While still developing, Saudi Arabia’s navy operates with 62 warships, including frigates, corvettes, and patrol ships. The country has also ordered four Freedom-class multi-mission warships from the US, which will further enhance its capabilities. This navy plays a critical role in maintaining control over the strategic waterways in the Gulf.
